Алматинская - Феодоровская Құдай Анасының белгішесі

Алматинская - Феодоровская Құдай Анасының белгішесі – православие әлемінің, ұлы Бүкілресейлік жәдігері, Чудотворная Феодоровская белгішесінің нақты тізімі болып табылады.

The miraculous Feodorovskaya Icon is one of the oldest icons in Russia. It arrived in Russia from Byzantium. The first chronicled mentions of it date back to the 12th century. Even at that time, it was venerated by the inhabitants of the ancient Volga city of Gorodets, where a monastery named the Bogoroditse-Feodorovsky Monastery was established. The miraculous image was the main relic of the monastery until 1239, when Mongol-Tatar invaders ravaged and burned Gorodets, and the icon disappeared from the city.

According to legend, confirmed by contemporary historians' research, at that time, the Feodorovskaya Icon became the prayer icon of the holy and pious Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky. It was with this icon that in 1239, Grand Prince Yaroslav (Feodor) Vsevolodovich blessed his son, Saint Prince Alexander, for his marriage to the Polotsk Princess Paraskeva. An image of Saint Paraskeva the Martyr can be seen on the reverse side of the icon.

The miraculous appearance of the Feodorovskaya Icon in Kostroma to the local prince Vasily Yaroslavich, the younger brother of Saint Prince Alexander Nevsky, occurred in the late 1250s or early 1260s. An ancient historical monument describes these events as follows: on the eve of the appearance, during the feast of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos, many residents of Kostroma saw a warrior with an icon of the Mother of God in his hands walking through the streets of the city. Many recognized the warrior as the Great Martyr Theodore Stratelates based on his iconographic depiction in the cathedral church of Kostroma. The next day, on August 16 (old style), Prince Vasily Yaroslavich found this icon on the branches of a tree by the Zaprudnya River near Kostroma.

The newly found relic was solemnly brought to Kostroma in a procession and placed in the cathedral church named after the Great Martyr Theodore, which is why it came to be known as the Feodorovskaya Icon. Later, the image of the Queen of Heaven was transferred to the Assumption Cathedral, erected by Prince Vasily, which became the city's main cathedral. Here, the icon, immediately after its appearance, became renowned for many miracles and healings, and it remained there until 1929.

In commemoration of the appearance of the miraculous Feodorovskaya Icon, an annual celebration was established, held on August 29, traditionally accompanied by a citywide procession in Kostroma from the cathedral to the Church of the Savior on Zaprudnya, built on the site of the icon's appearance. This tradition, forcibly interrupted in the 20th century, was revived in 1990.

The miraculous icon remained steadfastly in Kostroma, soon becoming renowned throughout the entire Russian state. Here, prayers were offered before it by Saint Prince Dmitry Donskoy, the victor over Mamai, his son Vasily Dmitrievich, and other great princes and sovereigns. Numerous pilgrims made their way to venerate the holy icon.

On March 14 (old style) 1613, at the Kostroma Holy Trinity Ipatiev Monastery, the boyar Mikhail Feodorovich Romanov accepted his election to the Russian throne by the Zemsky Sobor before the image of the miraculous Feodorovskaya Icon. From this time, the Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God became especially venerated by the Royal House of the Romanovs, and in memory of the events of 1613, another celebration of the icon was established on March 27 (new style).

From that moment, Kostroma became known as the "cradle of the House of Romanov" and a place of pilgrimage for Russian tsars, emperors, and members of the reigning house. All of them considered it their sacred duty to venerate the miraculous Feodorovskaya Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos.

In 1613, during the nationwide celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, the holy royal martyrs — the last Russian Emperor Nicholas Alexandrovich and his august family — visited Kostroma. The Romanov dynasty's special veneration of the miraculous icon of the Mother of God was expressed through the construction of the Feodorovsky Gorodok in Tsarskoye Selo, which included a church dedicated to the miraculous Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God. Additionally, brides entering the royal family from non-Orthodox faiths would adopt the patronymic "Feodorovna," thus testifying to their belief that the Most Holy Theotokos herself became their Guardian and Protectress.

During the years of persecution against the Church in the 20th century, the miraculous Feodorovskaya Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos did not leave the walls of the church and was preserved as a church relic. Considering its outstanding cultural and historical significance, this is a unique case in the modern history of the Russian Orthodox Church.

In 1929, the Dormition Cathedral in Kostroma was closed and subsequently completely destroyed. The miraculous icon moved from church to church until it finally settled in 1991 in the Epiphany-Anastasia Cathedral in the city of Kostroma. Since 1991, the sisters of the Epiphany-Anastasia Monastery, located on the cathedral's grounds, have been chronicling contemporary miracles occurring through prayers to the Feodorovskaya Icon. To date, more than a hundred such events have been recorded.

The miraculous Feodorovskaya Icon of the Theotokos is traditionally revered by the Orthodox faithful as a protector of family well-being, childbirth, and child-rearing, and as a helper in difficult births.

Since 2001, the tradition of bringing the Feodorovskaya Icon to various cities in Russia has been revived. The sacred icon has visited Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Ivanovo, Tver, Arkhangelsk and the Solovetsky Islands, Belgorod, Voronezh, Saratov, Samara, Perm, Kemerovo, the Krasnodar region, the Republic of Adygea, as well as the Russian Far East: Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, and Blagoveshchensk regions, and the city of Birobidzhan.

In the autumn of 2004, with the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia and at the invitation of the Primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Vladimir of Kyiv and All Ukraine, the Feodorovskaya Icon participated in an all-Ukrainian cross procession. This procession passed through 40 major and minor cities in Ukraine and gathered over eight million people.

Pilgrimages to the miraculous Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God have been made by the first President of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin, as well as Presidents Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev.

From January 28 to February 1, 2009, the miraculous Feodorovskaya Icon was present in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow during the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church. The election and enthronement of the new Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church, His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, took place in the presence of this holy icon.

In 2010, with the blessing of Archbishop Alexander of Kostroma and Galich, who was appointed to oversee the Astana and Almaty Diocese, an exact replica, "measure for measure," of the miraculous Feodorovskaya Icon was created and consecrated before the original. This replica was named the Almaty-Feodorovskaya Icon and is now housed in the Ascension Cathedral in Almaty.